People are often confused, irrational, or even cognitively indifferent. For example, we seem often to believe of an object that it is two or of two objects that they are one. Let’s simply call this kind of error, ‘confusion.’ What relevance does confusion have, if any, to the study of semantics and pragmatics? A major goal of the Confused Intentions Project is to answer this question in a systematic way, from the perspective of the philosophy of language.